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Meds NAD

A chrome-bright millennium console reading the NAD+ literature — the coenzyme, its oral precursors, and what the injectable and IV studies actually measured, rendered as a holographic metabolic readout.

THE PAPERS BEHIND EACH CLAIM

Where each NAD+ claim comes from

Each number in the copy points to a paper below. You can check the human, mouse, pill, and IV findings for yourself.

Return to the findingsRead common NAD+ answers

How to find a NAD+ source

The NAD+ source list supports the study summaries on this site. You'll find human pill trials first, followed by reviews, mouse work, and small IV studies. The newest reviews are from 2025-2026. Each paper has a DOI, which is its lasting paper number. A PubMed link takes you to a public library page about that medical paper.

I'd start with the bracketed number beside a claim, because you can follow [1] to the first paper, [2] to the second, and each later number the same way. You can see who was studied and what changed. This site explains public research. It can't give you medical advice.

  1. Yoshino M, Yoshino J, Kayser BD, et al. Nicotinamide mononucleotide increases muscle insulin sensitivity in prediabetic women. Science. 2021;372(6547):1224-1229. ↗
  2. Camacho-Pereira J, Tarragó MG, Chini CCS, et al. CD38 Dictates Age-Related NAD Decline and Mitochondrial Dysfunction through an SIRT3-Dependent Mechanism. Cell Metab. 2016;23(6):1127-1139. ↗
  3. Yi L, Maier AB, Tao R, et al. The efficacy and safety of β-nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) supplementation in healthy middle-aged adults: a randomized, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, dose-dependent clinical trial. GeroScience. 2023;45(1):29-43. ↗
  4. Conze D, Brenner C, Kruger CL. Safety and Metabolism of Long-term Administration of NIAGEN (Nicotinamide Riboside Chloride) in a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-controlled Clinical Trial of Healthy Overweight Adults. Sci Rep. 2019;9(1):9772. ↗
  5. Covarrubias AJ, Perrone R, Grozio A, Verdin E. NAD+ metabolism and its roles in cellular processes during ageing. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2021;22(2):119-141. ↗
  6. Grant R, Berg J, Mestayer R, et al. A Pilot Study Investigating Changes in the Human Plasma and Urine NAD+ Metabolome During a 6 Hour Intravenous Infusion of NAD+. Front Aging Neurosci. 2019;11:257. ↗
  7. Blum K, Cadet JL, Baron D, et al. Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD+) and Enkephalinase Inhibition (IV1114589NAD) Infusions Significantly Attenuate Psychiatric Burden Sequalae in Substance Use Disorder (SUD) in Fifty Cases. Curr Psychiatry Res Rev. 2022;18(2):65-78. ↗
  8. Braidy N, Villalva MD, Grant R. Sobriety and Satiety: Is NAD+ the Answer? Antioxidants (Basel). 2020;9(5):425. ↗
  9. Wang J, et al. Intravenous Administration of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Improves Cognitive Performance in Human Subjects: Implications for Clinical Populations. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2021;102(10):e75. ↗
  10. Lin JB, Kubota S, Ban N, et al. NAMPT-Mediated NAD(+) Biosynthesis Is Essential for Vision In Mice. Cell Rep. 2016;17(1):69-85. ↗
  11. Chellappa K, McReynolds MR, Lu W, et al. NAD precursors cycle between host tissues and the gut microbiome. Cell Metab. 2022;34(12):1947-1959.e5. ↗
  12. Boo YC. Mechanistic Basis and Clinical Evidence for the Applications of Nicotinamide (Niacinamide) to Control Skin Aging and Pigmentation. Antioxidants (Basel). 2021;10(8):1315. ↗
  13. Han S, Du Z, Liu K, Gong S. Nicotinamide riboside protects noise-induced hearing loss by recovering the hair cell ribbon synapses. Neurosci Lett. 2020;725:134910. ↗
  14. Vinten KT, Trętowicz MM, Coskun E, et al. NAD+ precursor supplementation in human ageing: clinical evidence and challenges. Nat Metab. 2025. ↗
  15. Reyna K, et al. Intravenous infusion of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) versus nicotinamide riboside (NR): a retrospective tolerability pilot study in a real-world setting. Front Aging. 2026. ↗